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The Poisson's ratio of a material is defined as the negative of the ratio of the strain perpendicular to the load direction to the strain in the load direction, expressed as v = - ε y / ε x , where ε y represents the strain in the load direction, ε x represents the strain perpendicular to the load direction. Generally speaking, when the negative Poisson's ratio material is stretched in one direction, it is widened perpendicular to the direction; when compressed in one direction, it is narrowed perpendicular to the direction, so it is also called an auxetic material. Generally, the fabric has a positive Poisson's ratio, i.e., narrows perpendicular to the direction of stretching when stretched, and widens perpendicular to the direction of stretching when compressed. Negative Poisson's ratio materials have many properties that traditional materials cannot achieve, and thus have broader application prospects.
â–² Protective textiles:
Because the negative Poisson's ratio material has good energy absorption and shape fit, it can be applied to protective clothing and equipment, such as racing, horse racing, skating and other dangerous sports, which can reduce the impact force on the human body. hurt. The protective gear is generally used for the vulnerable parts of the human body such as the elbows and the knees. However, the protective gears on the market are mostly made of foam and have poor air permeability. The three-dimensional negative Poisson's fabric can be replaced by a round arch, which is more easily conformed to the shape of the human elbow and knee, which improves the comfort of the human body and also increases its protective performance and activity of the human body. Degree of freedom. Also, the fabric can be used in the fields of shockproof gloves, bulletproof vests and the like.
â–² Textiles for specific needs:
Children's wear, maternity wear, and women's bras in particular require the negative Poisson's ratio performance of the fabric. The negative Poisson's ratio fabric is easy to extend in both the horizontal and vertical directions, so that the fitted clothes can be worn by the child for a long time, avoiding frequent purchases and ensuring fit. The waist and abdomen of the maternity dress adopts a negative Poisson's ratio fabric to naturally form a dome shape conforming to the shape of the abdomen without causing too much pressure. Similarly, the negative Poisson's ratio spacer fabric can produce a female bra that does not require excessive cutting, and its spherical fit is superior to that of the conventional fabric, and the breathability and moisture permeability are superior to those of the conventional sponge.
â–² Medical textiles:
In the field of biomedicine, negative Poisson's fabrics can also be used in spinal internal fixators, artificial shaped valves, artificial blood vessels, endoscopic stents, and the like. Unlike traditional artificial blood vessels, tubular negative Poisson's artificial blood vessels made of fabrics have a large diameter when they are stretched, which greatly alleviates the danger to the human body caused by diseases such as arteriosclerosis and blood clots. In addition, the negative Poisson's fabric can also be made into a medical intelligent bandage, which carries different functional agents in the bandage, and can release corresponding drugs according to the degree of swelling of the wound to assist wound healing.
He â–² its application:
The use of a negative Poisson's fabric as a composite reinforcement, such as for the manufacture of sandwich panels, greatly enhances its safety. It is used for explosion-proof curtains to effectively capture the various debris that comes with it when it is exposed to shock waves. Due to its good spherical fit, this material is used in helmets to relieve impact to a certain extent and minimize damage to the head.
Negative Poisson's ratio fabrics have been developed in the warp and weft knitting fields, especially in the warp-knitted fabric and cross-knit directions.
â–² warp-knitted flat fabric . The high-elastic yarn is used to lining the conventional warp-knitted hexagonal mesh. After the lower machine, the high-elastic yarn naturally retracts, causing the original hexagonal mesh to shrink and form a concave hexagonal mesh. When a longitudinal tensile force is applied thereto, the concave hexagonal mesh which is contracted by the elastic yarn will be unfolded, exhibiting a swell effect.
â–² horizontal braid . The good formability of the computerized flat knitting machine can be used to reconstruct the negative Poisson's ratio structural model in the fabric, such as a rotating rectangular structure, a concave hexagonal structure, a folded structure, and the like. The most easily formed one is a three-dimensional folded structure, and the fabric exhibits different folding and contraction effects in a specific positive and negative needle configuration, thereby obtaining different negative Poisson's ratio performance.
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